Innovate with Circularity

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The Relay Model: The article introduces an ownership-driven "relay system" where responsibility is handed off across three concentric spheres—product manufacturers at the core (recollection/reuse), component suppliers in the middle (remanufacturing), and recyclers/governments on the outer ring (material recovery and infrastructure).

• Tailored Strategies by Product Type:

  • Convenience Goods: Producers must take responsibility for packaging recollection via deposit or incentive schemes.

  • Shopping Goods: Companies should leverage Product-as-a-Service, sharing, and repair models to extend asset lifecycles and increase customer retention.

• Overcoming Collective Inertia: Parikh calls on designers and businesses to break through corporate passivity, encouraging "creative rebels" to use sustainable design thinking to reform supply chains and build eco-effective systems.